Write an essay on John Donne as a love poet.

Ans.

Introduction

Donne’s love poems were published in Songs and Sonnets after his death in 1663. The volume contains fifty-five poems in all. His whole reputation as a love poet depends on these poems. His remarkable poems include: The Sun Rising, A Valediction Forbidding Mourning. The Canonization, The Extasie, The Blossome, The Flea, The Good Morrow, The Relique, The Anniversary, A Valediction. It is supposed that before their publication they were widely read in literary circles. His love appears in them in different forms. In some, it appears as extreme physical passion. In others, it appears as something cynical, tinged with contempt for woman’s unfaithfulness.

Poems Covering a Wider Range of Emotions

Donne’s greatness as a love poet arises from the fact that his poetry covers a wider range of emotions than that of any previous poet, and that is not bookish but is rooted in his personal experiences. His love experiences were wide and varied and so is the emotional range of his love-poetry. He had love affairs with a number of women, some of them lasting and permanent, others only of a short duration.

Poet’s Dealing with Three Types of Love

(a) Cynical Strain of Love: The poet holds that all women are faithless and corrupt. In Go and Catch A Falling Stare, he claims that it is possible to catch a falling star or make a mandrake root pregnant with a child, but it is impossible to find out a true and fair lady. The poet asks his friend that if he finds out a lady of constant nature, he must inform him. For the poet wishes to meet such a rare lady and wants to go with her. His journey with that lady will be regarded as a pilgrimage. In A Valediction: Of My Name In the Window, the poet fears that his beloved may turn faithless to him. He believes that women are inconstant by nature.

(b) Platonic Strain of Love: In The Extasie, the poet tells about the sublime state of love in which souls come out of their bodies and hold negotiation. The bodies during this conversation remain inactive and unmoved like lifeless statues. The poet argues that the basis of true love is not sex and body but feelings and soul. Their union makes them perfect. In the state of ecstasy, lovers attain the state of living soul and neglect their physical existence. The beautiful body is the first source of attraction-the beginning of love which later on elevates to the height of spiritual love by virtue of body and its organs like hands, eyes and feelings of love, the spiritual union takes place. Souls are intelligences while bodies are spheres. Donne treats his love as a holy passion. His love is pious enough to be called a devotion.

(c) Matrimonial Love: In the poem The Sun Rising, the poet enjoys himself in privacy with his beloved wife. The sun peeps into the bed room and disturbs him. The poet is fully absorbed in the charms of his beloved wife. He rebukes the sun for his ill-manners. The poet warns the sun that he can eclipse the light of sun rays only by closing his eyes but he does not wish to lose his beloved’s sight even for a moment. The poet hints at the sexual pleasures attained with the beloved. He provokes his beloved to give up false notions of honour and morality and be willing to satisfy. The poet expresses his faith in free sex.

Sensuous and Realistic Treatment of Love

The poet does not completely reject the pleasure of the body even in poems where love is treated as the highest spiritual passion. This emphasis on the claims of the body is another distinguishing feature. It is the body which brings the souls together, and so the claims of the body must not be ignored. In the poem The Canonization the lovers unite body and soul to form a neutral sex. However, while in The Valediction: Forbidding Mourning the poet does not consider physical contact as necessary for the continuation of spiritual love, in The Relique, physical contact is spoken of as essential.

Understanding and Quality in Sexual Relationship

According to the poet’s view, the purity or otherwise of the sexual act depends on the quality of the relation between the lovers. If delight in one another is mutual, physical union is its proper consummation, but if the lovers are not inter assured of the mind then, the sport is, but a winter-seeming, summer’s night. He may sometimes accept the human laws which forbid the consummation of love outside marriage, but he does so with great reluctance. Indeed, he often makes the woman’s readiness to give herself entirely, body and soul, to her lover, the test of her love for him.

The Poet’s Presenting Metaphysical Treatment of Love

The poet uses novel thoughts and expressions, far fetched images, affectation and hyperboles. His poems bring to light his great scholarship, sometimes leading to obscurity. The Canonization exposes Donne’s far fetched images. He imagines that they both are like tapers, for they burn themselves out for each other’s love.